-Origin - Ectodern
-Locaton- Situatw in a cavity sella tursica and atlach to the hypothalamus by a stalk called infundibulum.
-Size-Pea sized pear shaped and one of the smallest endocine gland.
-Structure - Anatonically it has two parts
-Pars distalis commonly called anterior pituitary.
-It produces following hormones.
- It induces liver to produce somatomedins also called insulin like growth factor operates through it.
-Hypersecreteon causses gigantism and acromegaly.
-Hyposecretion causes dwarfism and acromicria.
Prolactin or Lectogenic or Luteotrophic hormone-
-This protein hormone causes developoment of mammary glands during prognancy and milk production (lactation ) after child birth.
Thyroid stimulateng hormone (TSH) -This protein hormone stimulates thyroid gland for the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone form thyroid gland.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) -This peptide hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormone (Glucocorticoids) from adrenal cortex.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-It is a protein hormone.
Function in males- This gonadotrophin or FSH together with androgens regulate spermatopenesis.
Function in females-It stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicle.
Luteinising hormone(LH) or Interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)-
Function of LH in femaies- It brings about ovulation from mature graffian follicle and maintains the function of corpus luteum.
Function of ICSH in males- It activates leydig cells (Inter stitial cell) of testis to secrete androgens as testosteron.
-In human pars intermedia is almost merged with adenohypophysis.
-It produces a peptide hormone which stimulates the melanocytes(melanin containing cell) and regulate pigmentation of the skin.
Neurohypophysis or posterior pituitory or pars nervosa-
-This part of pituitory stores and releases oxytosin and vasopressin which after synthesis in neurons of hypothalamus transported to neurohyposis by its axon.
Oxytosin or pitocin or birth hormone- It acts on smooth muscle in both male and female.
-In female it stimulates strong contraction of uterus at the time of child birth and also bring about milk ejection from mammary gland by contracting myoepithelial cells.
-Sucking of nipples by baby stimulates the secretion of oxytocin.
-Sight and sound of baby cause production of oxytocin in lactating mothers.
-Widening of uterus during child birth also causes release of oxytocin.
-So it reduces loss of water through urine or diuresis.
-Reduced secretion of ADH causes diabetes insipidus.
-Locaton- Situatw in a cavity sella tursica and atlach to the hypothalamus by a stalk called infundibulum.
-Size-Pea sized pear shaped and one of the smallest endocine gland.
-Structure - Anatonically it has two parts
(a)Adenohypophysis (b) Neurohypophysis.
(a)Adenohypophysis or anterior pituitary- It is also called divided into two pars as pars distalis and pars intermedia.-Pars distalis commonly called anterior pituitary.
-It produces following hormones.
Growth hormone (GH)or somatotropin or Human growth hormone (HGH)
-This hormone brings about the growth in bones and muscle of the body.- It induces liver to produce somatomedins also called insulin like growth factor operates through it.
-Hypersecreteon causses gigantism and acromegaly.
-Hyposecretion causes dwarfism and acromicria.
Prolactin or Lectogenic or Luteotrophic hormone-
-This protein hormone causes developoment of mammary glands during prognancy and milk production (lactation ) after child birth.
Thyroid stimulateng hormone (TSH) -This protein hormone stimulates thyroid gland for the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone form thyroid gland.
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) -This peptide hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormone stimulates the synthesis and secretion of steroid hormone (Glucocorticoids) from adrenal cortex.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-It is a protein hormone.
Function in males- This gonadotrophin or FSH together with androgens regulate spermatopenesis.
Function in females-It stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicle.
Luteinising hormone(LH) or Interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)-
Function of LH in femaies- It brings about ovulation from mature graffian follicle and maintains the function of corpus luteum.
Function of ICSH in males- It activates leydig cells (Inter stitial cell) of testis to secrete androgens as testosteron.
-In human pars intermedia is almost merged with adenohypophysis.
-It produces a peptide hormone which stimulates the melanocytes(melanin containing cell) and regulate pigmentation of the skin.
Neurohypophysis or posterior pituitory or pars nervosa-
-This part of pituitory stores and releases oxytosin and vasopressin which after synthesis in neurons of hypothalamus transported to neurohyposis by its axon.
Oxytosin or pitocin or birth hormone- It acts on smooth muscle in both male and female.
-In female it stimulates strong contraction of uterus at the time of child birth and also bring about milk ejection from mammary gland by contracting myoepithelial cells.-Sucking of nipples by baby stimulates the secretion of oxytocin.
-Sight and sound of baby cause production of oxytocin in lactating mothers.
-Widening of uterus during child birth also causes release of oxytocin.
Vesopressin or ADH(anti-diuretic hormone)-
-It acts upon kidney and stimulates resorption of water and electrolytes from DCT(distal convulated tubules) and collecting tubules.-So it reduces loss of water through urine or diuresis.
-Reduced secretion of ADH causes diabetes insipidus.
