biology: PINEAL GLAND

Origin-Ectoderm
Location-Dorsal side of forebrain or behind choriod plexus.
Structure-It has a pineal stalk and rounded reddish pineal body.
-During middle age it undergoes calcification and the calcified pineal gland called brain sand.

-It secrete amine hormone melatonin.
-Melatonin regulates diurenal(24-hours) rhythm of the body as normal rhythm of sleep wake cycle,body temperature,metabolism,pigmentation,menstrual cycle and also provide defense to the body.
-Maximum concentration of hormone during midnight and minimum during noon.
-It delays puberty means it is antigonadotrophic hormone.

Facts about Coma

Coma is a prolonged period of unconsciousness. Unconsciousness is the lack of appreciation of (or reaction to) a stimulus. Coma differs from sleep in that one cannot be aroused from a coma.

Coma involves two different concepts:

1.) Reactivity: Reactivity refers to the innate (or inborn) functions of the brain, i.e., the telereceptors (eyes and ears), the nociceptors (responses to pain), the arousal reaction (wakefulness) and the orienting response (turning one's head toward the source of sound or movement). We could also refer to these as reflexive movements.

2.) Perceptivity: Perceptivity refers to the responses of the nervous system to stimuli, which have been learned or acquired, i.e., language, communication skills, individual methods of movement such as gestures, etc. Perceptivity also refers to less complex learned or acquired reactions such as flinching when threatened. We can also think of these as conscious movements.

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PINEAL GLAND

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